In 2019, proforma EBITDA totaled US$ 18 billion, US$ 1.4 billion higher than in 2018, mainly due to higher prices (US$ 5.991 billion) and favorable foreign exchange variations (US$ 571 million).
In 2019, adjusted EBITDA of the Ferrous Minerals business segment was US$ 16.997 billion, 16% higher than in 2018, mainly due to higher prices (US$ 6.099 billion), which were offset by lower volumes (US$ 2.463 billion) and higher costs (US$ 885 million), following Dam I rupture impacts.
Our cash generation was US$ 8.105 billion in 2019, enabling the increase in cash and cash equivalents to US$ 8.176 billion, US$ 2.452 billion higher than 4Q18.